There are four basic types of archery bows and many variations for each type. The four basic types of archery bows are: recurve, longbow, compound and crossbow. Each type of bow works the same on a similar principle. The archer pulls the bowstring, storing energy in the bows limbs until that same energy is transferred to the arrow. Let’s take a closer look at each type of bow.
1. The Recurve Bow
A recurve bow has limbs that curve toward the archer with the tips curving back toward the target. This “recurve” acts as a lever when the bow is fired, allowing for an efficient use of the energy stored in the bow. Recurves are considered “traditional bows”. The modern recurve can trace is roots back 2800 years to the Assyrians.
2. The Longbow
The longbow is generally “D” shaped when strung and relatively straight when unstrung. Most archery organizations recognize a longbow as a bow that the string only touches the bow at the string grooves. Versus the recurve string resting on the back of the limb when not drawn. Longbows are generally lighter in physical weight, quieter when shot and more durable than recurves. Longbows are also considered “traditional bows”.
3. The Compound Bow
Compound bows are considered modern bows. The compound bow uses a system of pulleys, cams and cables to give it a mechanical advantage over traditional bows. The cams allow the holding weight of the bow at full draw to be greatly reduced while still storing the full amount of energy. This is called “let off”. Some bows have as much as 80% let off. This means a 50 lbs. draw bow would have a holding weight of 10 lbs. This along with a consistent energy storage allow these bows to be shot with greater and more consistent accuracy. The complex and mechanical nature of a compound bow makes them specific to an archers draw length.
4. The Hybrid Bow
As the fourth type of bow, I submit the hybrid bow. The Genesis Original Bow made by Genesis Archery is best example of this type of bow. This bow has the pulley, cam and cable system of a compound bow, but acts and shoots like a traditional bow. It has no let off. The draw weight increases the further the bow is drawn like a traditional bow. The pulley, cam and cables allow the bow to have a draw length from 15” to 30” and an adjustable draw weight from 10 lbs. to 20 lbs. This bow is a good choice for archers struggling to figure out what to get for a first bow. It can adjust to the archers needs and continue to grow with the archer all the way to and through adulthood.
What About the Crossbow?
Most of the world recognizes the crossbow as the fourth type of bow. I do not. While crossbows do store energy in their limbs like a conventional bow, that energy is created by mechanical means, not an archer drawing the bowstring. They do not require an archers skill to shoot. In fact, they were created because training an archer took too long. I believe the effort it takes, both mental and physical, to become a proficient archer is diminished by the “ point and pull the trigger” operation of a crossbow. The crossbow has its place. It is certainly an effective hunting tool, but it is not an archer’s bow.
Key Reasons To Start With Traditional Archery
I prefer traditional archery to modern archery, although I own and shoot both types. I believe that if you learn how to shoot a traditional bow then you can easily transition to a compound bow. But if you start with a compound bow, you will still lack some of the skills needed to master a traditional bow. It is for this reason that I strongly suggest starting with a traditional bow. Specifically a recurve, largely because they are easier to find in beginner draw weights. Because it acts like a traditional bow, the Genesis Original Bow is also a very good choice for a starter bow. It has an adjustable draw weight from 10-20 lbs. and can be drawn from 15″ to 30″. It is for that reason that these bows are used by archery clubs and organizations to teach their beginner classes. They can service archers of all sizes.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Four Basic Types of Archery Bows
What is the best type of archery bow for beginners?
Most beginners do best starting with a recurve bow or a hybrid bow like the Genesis Original Bow. Recurve bows help build proper form and strength because they rely entirely on the archer’s technique. The Genesis bow is also a strong option because it adjusts in draw length and weight, making it easier to learn without quickly outgrowing the equipment.
Should I start with a recurve bow or a compound bow?
A recurve bow is usually the better starting point because it teaches foundational archery skills like proper draw, anchor point, and release. A compound bow can be more accurate and easier to hold at full draw, but it can also hide form issues that beginners need to learn early. Starting with a recurve builds a stronger long-term skill base.
Is a crossbow considered one of the main types of archery bows?
Many people include the crossbow as a fourth type of bow, but it functions differently from handheld bows. A crossbow is mechanically loaded and fired using a trigger, which requires less continuous technique from the shooter. Because of this, many traditional archers do not classify it the same way as recurve, longbow, or compound bows.
Additional Beginning Archery Resources
- Three Must Have Archery Accessories
- How To Determine What Size Archery Bow You Need
- Archery Basics: How to Determine What Draw Weight Is Right For You
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